12/28/2022 0 Comments Samplers para dj virtual 8These suggestions are by no means new and have been highlighted repeatedly across the years. Whilst the clinical efficacy of VRET is well supported, there continues to be the perception that the strength of the evidence base is weakened by three key methodological limitations: the use of small sample sizes (e.g., McLay et al., 2014 Castro et al., 2014 Morina et al., 2015) a lack of appropriate control groups (e.g., Nelson, 2012 McCann et al., 2014) and, more broadly, a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs: e.g., Nelson, 2012 McCann et al., 2014). The effectiveness of VRET is now well-established: four independent meta-analyses have concluded that such interventions lead to significant decreases in anxiety-related symptoms (Parsons and Rizzo, 2008 Powers and Emmelkamp, 2008 Opriş et al., 2012 Morina et al., 2015). Over this period the evidence base has grown substantially and multiple anxiety-related clinical diagnoses have been investigated, including acrophobia (e.g., Rothbaum et al., 1995 Emmelkamp et al., 2002), aviophobia (e.g., Rothbaum et al., 2000 Mühlberger et al., 2006), arachnophobia (e.g., Garcia-Palacios et al., 2002 Cote and Bouchard, 2005 Bouchard et al., 2006), and PTSD (e.g., Rothbaum et al., 1999 Ready et al., 2006). The use of VRET for clinical purposes has been investigated empirically for the last 20 years (e.g., Williford et al., 1993 Lamson and Meisner, 1994 Rothbaum et al., 1995). VRET is usually delivered via a head-mounted display which tracks the users' head-movements and allows for real-time updating of the scenes they can see (Wiederhold and Wiederhold, 2005). The environments can be tailored to represent the individual's fears and, in the case of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), can be used to recreate a traumatic experience (e.g., Roy et al., 2006 Rizzo et al., 2009). It permits the individual to face their triggers in a safe environment and allows the therapist to control the intensity and duration of the stimuli, based on their clinical appraisal. In a VRET treatment protocol, an individual is immersed into a virtual environment that allows for sensory exposure to the feared stimuli via computer-generated displays. On a theoretical level the proposed underlying mechanisms reflect those in traditional exposure therapy emotional processing is facilitated by activating the underlying fear structure through confrontation with the feared stimuli, allowing responses to be modified in a controlled therapeutic setting, so the stimuli will become less anxiety provoking when subsequently perceived (Rothbaum et al., 2000). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) has the potential to help clinicians manage a range of symptoms related to anxiety disorders (e.g., Rothbaum et al., 1995 North et al., 1996).
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